2,873 research outputs found
Hybrid biomedical intelligent systems
"Copyright © 2012 Maysam Abbod et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."The purpose of this special issue is to promote research and developments of the best work in the field of hybrid intelligent systems for biomedical applications
Optimization the initial weights of artificial neural networks via genetic algorithm applied to hip bone fracture prediction
This paper aims to find the optimal set of initial weights to enhance the accuracy of artificial neural networks (ANNs) by using genetic algorithms (GA). The sample in this study included 228 patients with first low-trauma hip fracture and 215 patients without hip fracture, both of them were interviewed with 78 questions. We used logistic regression to select 5 important factors (i.e., bone mineral density, experience of fracture, average hand grip strength, intake of coffee, and peak expiratory flow rate) for building artificial neural networks to predict the probabilities of hip fractures. Three-layer (one hidden layer) ANNs models with back-propagation training algorithms were adopted. The purpose in this paper is to find the optimal initial weights of neural networks via genetic algorithm to improve the predictability. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of neural networks. The study results showed the genetic algorithm obtained an AUC of 0.858±0.00493 on modeling data and 0.802 ± 0.03318 on testing data. They were slightly better than the results of our previous study (0.868±0.00387 and 0.796±0.02559, resp.). Thus, the preliminary study for only using simple GA has been proved to be effective for improving the accuracy of artificial neural networks.This research was supported by the National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan (Grant no. NSC98-2915-I-155-005), the Department of Education grant of Excellent Teaching Program of Yuan Ze University (Grant no. 217517) and the Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine supported by National Science Council (Grant no. NSC 100- 2911-I-008-001)
Precise computer controlled positioning of robot end effectors using force sensors
A thorough study of combined position/force control using sensory feedback for a one-dimensional manipulator model, which may count for the spacecraft docking problem or be extended to the multi-joint robot manipulator problem, was performed. The additional degree of freedom introduced by the compliant force sensor is included in the system dynamics in the design of precise position control. State feedback based on the pole placement method and with integral control is used to design the position controller. A simple constant gain force controller is used as an example to illustrate the dependence of the stability and steady-state accuracy of the overall position/force control upon the design of the inner position controller. Supportive simulation results are also provided
Two-dimensional matrix algorithm using detrended fluctuation analysis to distinguish Burkitt and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Copyright © 2012 Rong-Guan Yeh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.A detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method is applied to image analysis. The 2-dimensional (2D) DFA algorithms is proposed
for recharacterizing images of lymph sections. Due to Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), there
is a significant different 5-year survival rates after multiagent chemotherapy. Therefore, distinguishing the difference between BL
and DLBCL is very important. In this study, eighteen BL images were classified as group A, which have one to five cytogenetic
changes. Ten BL images were classified as group B, which have more than five cytogenetic changes. Both groups A and B BLs are
aggressive lymphomas, which grow very fast and require more intensive chemotherapy. Finally, ten DLBCL images were classified
as group C. The short-term correlation exponent α1 values of DFA of groups A, B, and C were 0.370 ± 0.033, 0.382 ± 0.022, and
0.435 ± 0.053, respectively. It was found that α1 value of BL image was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than DLBCL. However, there
is no difference between the groups A and B BLs. Hence, it can be concluded that α1 value based on DFA statistics concept can
clearly distinguish BL and DLBCL image.National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan the Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and
Translational Medicine, National Central University, Taiwan (also sponsored by National Science Council)
Fatal encephalitis and myocarditis in young domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) caused by West Nile virus.
During 1999 and 2000, a disease outbreak of West Nile (WN) virus occurred in humans, horses, and wild and zoological birds in the northeastern USA. In our experiments, WN virus infection of young domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) caused depression, weight loss, torticollis, opisthotonus, and death with accompanying encephalitis and myocarditis. Based on this experimental study and a field outbreak in Israel, WN virus is a disease threat to young goslings and viremia levels are potentially sufficient to infect mosquitoes and transmit WN virus to other animal species
Superconductivity from D3/D7: Holographic Pion Superfluid
We show that a D3/D7 system (at zero quark mass limit) at finite isospin
chemical potential goes through a superconductor (superfluid) like phase
transition. This is similar to a flavored superfluid phase studied in QCD
literature, where mesonic operators condensate. We have studied the frequency
dependent conductivity of the condensate and found a delta function pole in the
zero frequency limit. This is an example of superconductivity in a string
theory context. Consequently we have found a superfluid/supercurrent type
solution and studied the associated phase diagram. The superconducting
transition changes from second order to first order at a critical superfluid
velocity. We have studied various properties of the superconducting system like
superfluid density, energy gap, second sound etc. We investigate the
possibility of the isospin chemical potential modifying the embedding of the
flavor branes by checking whether the transverse scalars also condense at low
temperature. This however does not seem to be the case.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, revtex
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Special Issue on Advanced Signal Processing in Intelligent Systems for Health Monitoring
Copyright © 2019 by the authors. Recently, significant developments have been achieved in the field of artificial intelligence, in particular the introduction of deep learning technology that has improved the learning and prediction accuracy to unpresented levels, especially when dealing with big data and high-resolution images. Significant developments have occurred in the area of medical signal processing, measurement techniques, and health monitoring, such as vital biological signs for biomedical systems and noise and vibration of mechanical systems, which are carried out by instruments that generate large data sets. These big data sets, ultimately driven by high population growth, would require Artificial Intelligence techniques to analyse and model. In this Special Issue, papers are presented on the latest signal processing and deep learning techniques used for health monitoring of biomedical and mechanical systems
Type-2 fuzzy sets applied to multivariable self-organizing fuzzy logic controllers for regulating anesthesia
In this paper, novel interval and general type-2 self-organizing fuzzy logic controllers (SOFLCs) are proposed for the automatic control of anesthesia during surgical procedures. The type-2 SOFLC is a hierarchical adaptive fuzzy controller able to generate and modify its rule-base in response to the controller's performance. The type-2 SOFLC uses type-2 fuzzy sets derived from real surgical data capturing patient variability in monitored physiological parameters during anesthetic sedation, which are used to define the footprint of uncertainty (FOU) of the type-2 fuzzy sets. Experimental simulations were carried out to evaluate the performance of the type-2 SOFLCs in their ability to control anesthetic delivery rates for maintaining desired physiological set points for anesthesia (muscle relaxation and blood pressure) under signal and patient noise. Results show that the type-2 SOFLCs can perform well and outperform previous type-1 SOFLC and comparative approaches for anesthesia control producing lower performance errors while using better defined rules in regulating anesthesia set points while handling the control uncertainties. The results are further supported by statistical analysis which also show that zSlices general type-2 SOFLCs are able to outperform interval type-2 SOFLC in terms of their steady state performance
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Pain and Stress Detection Using Wearable Sensors and Devices—A Review
© 2021 by the authors. Pain is a subjective feeling; it is a sensation that every human being must have experienced all their life. Yet, its mechanism and the way to immune to it is still a question to be answered. This review presents the mechanism and correlation of pain and stress, their assessment and detection approach with medical devices and wearable sensors. Various physiological signals (i.e., heart activity, brain activity, muscle activity, Electrodermal activity, respiratory, blood volume pulse, skin tempera-ture) and behavioral signals are organized for wearables sensors detection. By reviewing the wearable sensors used in the healthcare domain, we hope to find a way for wearable healthcare-monitoring system to be applied on pain and stress detection. Since pain leads to multiple consequences or symptoms such as muscle tension and depression that are stress related, there is a chance to find a new approach for chronic pain detection using daily life sensors or de-vices. Then by integrating modern computing techniques, there is a chance to handle pain and stress management issue.Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (grant number: MOST 107-2221-E-155-009-MY2)
Thermoelastic Damping in Micro- and Nano-Mechanical Systems
The importance of thermoelastic damping as a fundamental dissipation
mechanism for small-scale mechanical resonators is evaluated in light of recent
efforts to design high-Q micrometer- and nanometer-scale electro-mechanical
systems (MEMS and NEMS). The equations of linear thermoelasticity are used to
give a simple derivation for thermoelastic damping of small flexural vibrations
in thin beams. It is shown that Zener's well-known approximation by a
Lorentzian with a single thermal relaxation time slightly deviates from the
exact expression.Comment: 10 pages. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
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